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RISC microelectronics

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發表於 2024-11-10 12:50:12 |只看該作者 |倒序瀏覽
RISC-V is an open instruction set and processor architecture based on the RISC concept with a target orientation on the microprocessor and microcontroller segment. It was created in 2010 at the University of California, Berkeley.

RISC-V implements 48 standard instructions, the compressed C format defines 34 instructions. Six types of instruction encoding are used. The architecture is implemented with built-in capabilities for expanding the list of instructions in order to cover new application scenarios. At the same time, the performance of the most productive RISC-V processors is comparable to the performance of processors on the ARM v8 Cortex-A75 core.

Since 2015, RISC-V has been developed and promoted by an international foundation headquartered in Zurich – the RISC-V Foundation. It works in partnership content writing service with The Linux Foundation, and since 2022, Intel has invested about $1 billion in the development of the architecture. The management and technical committees include two Russian companies: the developers of processor cores Syntacore and CloudBEAR.



In 2022, the departure of traditional processor suppliers from our market, as well as restrictions on the production of our own products in this segment, forced the community to look for alternatives to traditional solutions. One of the most obvious directions was RISC-V.

The computer equipment manufacturer Aquarius announced plans to release processors on this architecture. Then the Zelenograd plant Mikron announced similar intentions, planning to release the first pilot batch of microcontrollers on the RISC-V architecture for the Internet of Things (IoT) in early 2023. At the same time, the experimental batch has already seen the light of day in 2021. Investments in development amounted, according to sources, to 80-90 million rubles, and the launch of commercial batch production will cost another 100-300 million rubles.

By 2025, Mikron plans to take 30% of the market for such controllers in Russia, and then begin exporting microcontrollers to countries in Southeast Asia.

The Research Institute of Electronic Engineering (JSC NIIET) from Voronezh has joined the ranks of RISC-V enthusiasts by starting to develop RISC-V microcontrollers for industrial automation systems, Internet of Things devices, and portable electronics. The institute announced the development of four microcontrollers as part of the comprehensive project “Development and implementation of a series of 32-bit microcontrollers in serial production.” The project is subsidized by the state.

Finally, the bombshell came with the news of the release of the world's first RISC-V-based laptop in China. "Here it is, the revolution has begun!" was the tone of many publications and comments.

HOW TO GET TO ELBRUS WITHIN REACH

First of all, let's pay attention to the safety of such initiatives or even the security of investments in them. The fact is that although RISC-V is open, international, democratic, warm and tube-like, its homeland is still the USA, decisions are made there in the EU, and Intel itself is among the investors.

What is open today may be closed tightly tomorrow. There is a risk of banning the use of the architecture by Russian companies. And the head of the RISC-V fund, after the start of the sanctions regime in the IT sphere, emphasized that she has no intention of restricting anything for anyone, but if the need arises, restrictions will be introduced.

In this light, with such investments, it is necessary to think through escape routes already at the first stage of project development: if the issue with code repositories is, in principle, solvable, then with enterprises producing microcircuits, everything is not so simple.

Next, a few words about the technical aspect of RISC-V. It is certainly a good choice for creating highly specialized, target processors.
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